Which statement about indirect supervision is correct?

• A. Direct supervision can include modeling and demonstration.
• B. Indirect supervision relies on on-site presence.
• C. Indirect supervision includes written and electronic communication.
• D. Direct supervision uses written policies.

Answer: (C)

Indirect supervision means guiding and monitoring work without the supervisor being physically present, using documented and written forms of communication to control and support performance. Written and electronic communications—policy manuals, standard operating procedures, emails, reports, and dashboards—are the primary tools that enable this remote oversight. That’s why this statement best fits indirect supervision: it highlights the age of guidance through documentation and remote channels rather than in-person contact. Activities like modeling and demonstration belong to direct supervision because they require the supervisor to show by example on-site, while relying on on-site presence describes direct supervision as well. Using written policies is part of the governance that supports indirect supervision, not a defining feature of direct supervision.